Abstract In randomized cancer screening trials where asymptomatic individuals are assigned to undergo a regimen of screening examinations or standard care, the primary objective typically is to estimate the effect of screening assignment on cancer-specific mortality by carrying out an...

Under the setting of a case-cohort design, covariate values are ascertained for a smaller subgroup of the original study cohort which typically is a representative sample from a population. Individuals with a specific event outcome are selected to the second stage study group as cases and an...