This paper derives equilibrium real exchange rates for the EU member countries that joined in 2004 and in 2007. Our analysis is based on the natural real exchange rate approach and uses data for the period 1980-2007. We employ a two-step estimation strategy to deal with the limited availability...

We assess the correlation of supply and demand shocks between the countries of the euro area and the accession countries in the 1990s. Shocks are recovered from estimated structural VAR models of output growth and inflation. We find that some accession countries have a quite high correlation of...

There is little agreement on how to measure seigniorage changes and their sources in a monetary union. This paper informs the debate by developing a modular approach that distinguishes between seigniorage changes a country experiences during the transition phase prior to joining a monetary union...

There is little agreement on how to measure seigniorage changes and their sources in a monetary union. This paper informs the debate by developing a modular approach that distinguishes between seigniorage changes a country experiences during the transition phase prior to joining a monetary union...

This paper examines the role of ERM II in the convergence effort of the new Member States, against the background of past convergence experience and in the light of EU rules for economic and monetary policy. Key aspects of the mechanism are analysed, including the appropriate timing and duration...