Value-at-Risk (VaR) is used to analyze the market downside risk associated with investments in six key individual assets including four precious metals, oil and the S&P 500 index, and three diversified portfolios. Using combinations of these assets, three optimal portfolios and their efficient...

In this paper, we study the well-known Haezendonck–Goovaerts risk measures on their natural domain, that is on Orlicz spaces and, in particular, on Orlicz hearts. We provide a dual representation as well as the optimal scenario in such a representation and investigate the properties of the...

In the study of welfare systems, the relation of the social expenditure and the indicators of vulnerability as poverty rates or income inequality indexes focus a great interest in the literature. In this way, we evaluate the productivity of social transfer policies of EU15 states, which are the...