) in Eastern Europe and Central Asia. The findings confirm an inverted-U shaped impact of competition on R&D. Both … competition and innovation have a simultaneous positive effect on labour productivity in terms of either sales or value added per …We investigate the drivers of firm level productivity in catching-up economies by jointly estimating its relationship …

competitive markets. Firms with high pre-crisis labor productivity experienced significantly smaller drops in sales and employment … than firms with low pre-crisis labor productivity and were also more likely to adapt to the crisis by increasing online …Although global economic activity is recovering and output in Europe and Central Asia (ECA) is expected to grow in 2021 …

, from Europe and Central Asia (ECA) as well as China, Finland, Israel, and the United States. Field visits to these … economy forum was held in Berlin in 2010, hosted by the fraunhofer center for Central and Eastern Europe. The book identifies …