hours-of-work variable is included in 'asking' equations, hypotheses (i) and (ii) can be rejected. Women do ask. However …Women typically earn less than men. The reasons are not fully understood. Previous studies argue that this may be … because (i) women 'don't ask' and (ii) the reason they fail to ask is out of concern for the quality of their relationships at …

pay discrimination. Unbiased decompositions can be obtained when the Oaxaca-Blinder wage equation is augmented by the … considerably larger shares of the gender wage gap than does the standard decomposition. …

pay discrimination. Unbiased decompositions can be obtained when the Oaxaca-Blinder wage equation is augmented by the … considerably larger shares of the gender wage gap than does the standard decomposition. …

Women still earn less than men on average in Germany. This applies to management positions even more: between 2010 and … 2016, there was an average gender pay gap of 30 percent in gross hourly earnings. If gender-specific differences in … relevant wage determinants are excluded, a pay gap of 11 percent remains. With seven percentage points, full-time work …

An important underlying determinant of wage discrimination, as well as the gender wage gap is the way the labor market … individual labor market outcomes and the way attractiveness affects gender wage differentials. Further research is needed on the … transmission and the effect this has on the gender wage gap. …

This paper provides an overview of what has happened over the past fifty years for women as they worked to break … through professional barriers in economics, policy, and institutional leadership. We chart the progress of women in higher … education at the college level and beyond and then go on to examine women's representation at the upper levels of academia …

This paper analyzes the impact of market liberalization on gender earnings differentials and discrimination against … women in urban China at the beginning of the 90s. The observed stability in the overall gender earnings gap between 1988 and … loosening of the government's egalitarian wage setting policies, leaving more space for discrimination in state …

In this study, we investigate the extent and mechanisms of gender-based discrimination in urban Ecuador's hiring … demonstrate that the preference for women aligns with the observed trend of narrowing the employment gender gap in survey data. … practices, a critical issue for understanding persistent gender disparities and informing policy. Using an artifactual field …

we find a raw gender wage gap (GWG) in hourly wages of around 0.18-0.21 log points. The regression-adjusted gap is around … closes because women's wages rise with the share female managers in the workplace while men's wages fall. Panel and … proposition that women are more likely to be paid equitably when managers have discretion in the way they reward performance and …

This paper investigates how female leadership affects the gender wage gap in the U. S. federal government. Using a … offices where all supervisors are women, the wage gap in favor of men disappears and becomes 3.2% in favor of women due to a 7 ….1% increase in female wages and a 6.7% decline in male wages. Also, the gender of an executive (a higher level supervisor) has a …