The geochemical processes of polyphosphates (poly-Ps) is important for phosphorus (P) management and environmental protection. Water-soluble ammonium polyphosphate (APP, (NH 4 ) n+2 P n O 3n+1 , n20) containing various P species has been increasingly used as an alternative P-fertilizer. The...

This paper considers a variation of the classical single machine scheduling problem with tool changes. In the variation, two sets of jobs, namely special jobs and normal jobs, are considered. By special jobs, we mean that each special job must be processed within the first prefixed time units of...

A single-machine scheduling problem with workload-dependent maintenance duration is considered. The objective is to minimize total completion time. For the case where the derivation of the maintenance duration function is greater than or equal to 1, a polynomial time optimal algorithm is...

Innovation is crucial to improving productivity and fostering sustainable growth, especially among countries that are moving toward or are at the cutting edge of technological advances (technology frontier). Innovation is usually underfinanced due to its high uncertainty nature and market...