The authors examine the lack of trade union membership in building societies. To form conclusions as to reasons for this lack of representation they look at the period from 1971. The emergence of staff associations and the employers' obvious reluctance to allow TUC union representation in their...

We analyse the moderating effect of trade unions on industrial employment and unemployment in countries facing exposure to industrial robots. Applying random effects within-between regression to a pseudo-panel of observations from 28 advanced democracies over 1998-2019, we find that stronger...