This paper proposes a theory of political action based upon ownership structure and tests this theory utilizing data on independent expenditures during the campaign finance regulatory regime consisting of the period after the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002 and before the U.S. Supreme...

Women-owned businesses have an economic impact of nearly $3 trillion in the U.S. Despite the tremendous opportunity for economic growth they present, women entrepreneurs lag behind their male counterparts in terms of number of start-ups and scaling of businesses. To understand how and why this...

Guided by feminist perspectives, we critique existing approaches to the study of women's entrepreneurship on epistemological grounds and suggest that the entrepreneurship field needs to recognize gendered assumptions in theorizing. Deploying a feminist framework, we suggest that understanding...

Most scholars assume firms are politically unified - at least at the industry level. Yet recent contributions data reveal considerable variation in political preferences exhibited among firms in the same industry. This paper investigates what drives this intra-industry variation in partisan...