start-up subsidy) in East Germany. Design/methodology/approach – Using a combination of administrative data from the Federal … programs) this paper finds considerable positive effects for start-up subsidies. Hence, programs aimed at turning the … unemployed into entrepreneurs may be a promising strategy in East Germany. Originality/value – This is one of the first studies …

entrepreneurial women in Germany: self-employed and salaried businesswomen, and investigate whether ethnicity is important in these … – Many qualified, highly educated and talented women are not part of the labor market and the entrepreneurial world. Germany … disparities still exist between West and East Germany. Originality/value – The novelty comes from asserting that the …

entrepreneurial women in Germany: self‐employed and salaried businesswomen, and investigate whether ethnicity is important in these … – Many qualified, highly educated and talented women are not part of the labor market and the entrepreneurial world. Germany … disparities still exist between West and East Germany. Originality/value – The novelty comes from asserting that the …

groups of self‐employed business owners from Latvia, Germany, the UK, and the USA. Findings – It is found that while pay …

business venturing arm of Degussa AG, a specialty chemicals company headquartered in Germany. Findings – Companies face the …