Increasing traffic congestion in many parts of the world threatens to disrupt the reliable transport performance required for effective implementation of just‐in‐time logistics. An analytical framework for examining the effects of congestion on logistics performance is presented and...

In equipment-intensive industries such as truck manufacturing, electronics manufacturing, photo copiers,and airliners, service parts are often slow moving items for which, in some cases, the transshipment timeis not negligible. However, this aspect is hardly considered in the existing spare...