classifications), each of which is characterized by the shift magnitude (δ) and the occurrence probability, f. The knowledge relating … to the shift modes is useful to the improvement of the effectiveness of the control charts and to the reduction of the …

Total quality management programmes emphasizing continuous improvement have become increasingly popular as companies … perceive the importance of quality in maintaining or enhancing their competitive position. Although improvement programmes are … extremely valuable, they do not eliminate the eed for control. Unfortunately, companies striving for quality improvement may de …

arguments as to why the “orthodox” statistician claims that normality is necessary. One is to enable probability interpretations …. The truth is that, even under normality, the usual probability interpretations are meaningless in practice and that, in … very similar over a wide range of differently‐shaped probability distributions.  …