effect of poverty on crime in 19th century Germany. In addition, our data set allows us to make several original … contributions to the literature. We confirm the robust positive effect of poverty on property crime. Employing the rye price as a … proxy for poverty, we show that the effect is less pronounced for provinces with a large agricultural sector. As Mehlum et …

. Combining income data from poverty maps, administrative records on crime and violence, and public expenditures data at the …