shocks accumulate so that variables have discernible trends. Econometricians have conceived of variables that trend in … sympathy with each other (so-called "cointegrated variables") as sharing one or more of these unobserved trends as a common … unobservable common trends to be backed-out of cointegrated systems of equations. The issue addressed in this paper is whether and …

, we allow for smooth trends in addition to breaks as a source of spurious long memory. We support the fi nding of reduced …. Nevertheless, only a few breaks can be located. Instead, all countries exhibit signi cant trends at the 5 percent level with the …

global prosperity and welfare but it will be heavily influenced by contemporary trends, such as; demographic trends expressed … by the demographic characteristics of the population; economic trends expressed by a decline in poverty and a growth of …

by analyzing evolution trends and making correlations between the financial crisis and the fluctuations registered in the …

economy, innovation strategies and recent trends. The term 'low-tech sectors' is widely used and often refers to a wide range … play a much less important role. As such, high-tech sectors can be seen as suppliers of technology. Low-tech sectors are … therefore not less innovative, but spend the money on ready-to-use technology acquisition rather than on research. Three main …

This paper analyzes long-term trends in intergenerational earnings persistence in France for male cohorts born between …

. Trends in body mass index (BMI), overweight (BMI?25), obesity (BMI?30), class 2 obesity (BMI?35), class 3 obesity (BMI?40 …