While the German economy may currently be a bright spot in Europe, it has faced substantial challenges in recent years. Moreover, tensions are rising regarding Germany's responsibilities and opportunities as a member of the European Monetary Union. Other studies have documented the difficulties...

"France faces substantial challenges as the economic integration of Europe and the international economy continues. This article uses a dynamic aggregate translog cost function with inputs of capital, labor, and imports to examine the likely impact of closer world economic ties on France. This...

This study investigates the nature of the substitutability relationships among capital, labor, and imported inputs in the context of a production function for Spain, with estimates obtained from an aggregate cost function. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that all of the inputs are...