growth for Spain. Results from both Johansen's (1988) and Toda and Yamamoto's (1995) methodologies are quite consistent. For … energy imports have been a direct cause of the growth experienced since the sixties …

results of a material flow analysis for Spain for the period from 1980 to 2000. The analysis reveals that neither strong nor …, materials mobilised by the Spanish economy (DMI) increased by 85% in absolute terms, surpassing GDP growth. In addition, Spain … became more dependent on external trade in physical terms. In fact, its imports are more than twice the amount of its exports …

results of a material flow analysis for Spain for the period from 1980 to 2000. The analysis reveals that neither strong nor …, materials mobilised by the Spanish economy (DMI) increased by 85% in absolute terms, surpassing GDP growth. In addition, Spain … became more dependent on external trade in physical terms. In fact, its imports are more than twice the amount of its exports …

of the crisis. International risk sharing did little to shield domestic demand from the country-specific component of … output declines, while those countries with large pre-crisis current account deficits saw domestic demand fall by much more …