panel data method to assess the association between ESG and FP. The potential moderating role of competition has also been … association between ESG and FP, and it is also found that when competition is used as a moderator, it results in a significantly … originality of this study is that it addresses the impact of competition on ESG and FP of the healthcare industry and will become …

comparison with the United States. It has been argued that lack of product market competition and poor corporate governance are … product market competition experience higher rates of productivity growth. We also find weak evidence for the notion that in …