This study utilizes prospectuses and supplementary valuation reports to investigate the relationship between … underwriters' valuation and underpricing in 113 firms going public on Borsa Istanbul. It argues that underwriter discretion in the … valuation is crucial to underpricing in the Turkish market, where fixed price is the dominant method of offering and retail …

This study applies Real Options Theory to banking in the environment of actively traded Philippine Universal Banks … depict managerial flexibility with investment strategy. A Real Options Model that considers both the strategies to lend and …