Punishees regularly ask for justification. But is justification also effective? To answer this question under … reasons are kept confidential. In the Private treatment, the addressee is only informed about the justification of the … decay in later periods if the justification is only communicated to the addressee. In the remaining two treatments …

explain her evaluation to the agent if and only if the evaluation turns out to be bad. The justification guarantees the agent … justification, the wage increases in the performance of the agent. For good performances, however, the principal pays a given high …

employee\'s performance was poor. The justification assures the employee that the manager has not distorted the evaluation … downwards. For good performance, however, the manager pays a constant high wage without justification. The empirical literature …

determinants of the profitability level was proposed by the author and submitted in this section. …

Previous studies on the justification of repression have analysed large-scale protests, about which autocratic … influence patterns of communication and justification. Studying the communication of repression helps us better understand the …

she can provide justification by sending a costly cheap-talk message. If she does not provide justification, her message … evaluation indicates bad performance. The justification assures the agent that the principal has not distorted the evaluation … performance, however, the principal pays a constant high wage without justification. …