Financial shortfalls are typical for protected areas (PA) in many countries. The data collected in the mid-90s of the twentieth century indicate that globally there is a deficit in the amount of $ 2.3 billion for efficient protection of PA. Therefore, there is a growing interest in accounting...

The Environmental Conservation Support Program - Green Grant (Bolsa Verde - BV) is focused on the poor rural people residing in priority areas defined by the Brazilian federal government, such as sustainable use protected areas, environmentally differentiated settlement projects and areas...

The Price-Support Policy for Biodiversity Derived Products (PGPMBIO) aims to reduce income variations for extractivists and to support the valorization of their products. In exchange, the extractivists, by using their traditional, reduced impact exploitation techniques, contribute to the...

Biodiversity can sometimes only be preserved if natural habitats are excluded from human uses. Such protection measures generate positive externalities at the global scale. This holds especially for protection in developing countries that host great parts of global biodiversity. For...

A region of ecological importance which generates uncompensated cross-territorial positive spillovers has a comparatively higher fiscal need due to the direct and indirect costs it incurs for nature conservation. In order adequately to acknowledge fiscal needs relating to nature conservation, we...