Écologie Politique vs Écologie Industrielle : Synergie des Fonctionnalités et Altérité des Stratégies Utiles à leurs Pilotages

The awareness of the scope of the environmental problems of the planet has gone global since the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment held in Stockholm in 1972. Furthermore, analyzes of economy and ecology were deeply renewed in recent years. They are likely to provide practical answers to the problems raised by the sustainable development. In this perspective, there are different strategies to achieve this goal. The economic literature shows the existence of two socio-organizational alternative approaches supposed help meet this requirement for sustainable development. The purpose of this article is to clarify the concept of sustainable development in particular in terms of looking at these two schools of thought. The first approach is that of industrial ecology (IE) that can be presented as a new practice of environmental management (Dannequin, Diemer, 2009). Proponents of industrial ecology indicated that it intended to give operational content to the concept of sustainable development. However, industrial ecology cannot alone meet the demands of sustainable development. Indeed, today there is a series of huge disappointments. Thus, political ecology (EP) is embodied in analyzes and practices in various fields. This current is more difficult to define, since it does not appear as such. However, we note that the study of these two approaches, such as a comparative approach is not clearly detailed or explained. So the aim of this paper is to shed light on the one hand, the similarities between these two approaches; and the points of the other differences. Similarly, we will attempt to find out what is the most concordant approach to sustainable development.