Évaluation de l'économie souterraine au Québec. Une approche micro-économétrique

The main purpose of this paper is to estimate the size and the growth of Quebec?s underground economy, and the corresponding loss of taxes for the government. Our approach is based on a method developed by Pissarides and Weber [1989] and extended by Lyssiotou et al. [2004]. The basic hypothesis is that an individual can under-report his earnings from self-employment but not from paid work, upon which taxes are directly levied. We estimate a consumer demand system where the marginal propensity to consume is allowed to vary with the two types of earnings. We next estimate the size of the self-employment earnings that are under-reported. From this estimate, we calculate a relative size for the underground economy in Quebec. We use the data from Statistics Canada?s Survey of Household Expenditures. According to our results, Quebec?s underground economy amounted to 4.6% of GDP in 1997 and increased to 5.7% in 2002. For the government, this represents as much as $ 3.3 billions in forgone taxes for 2002 alone. Classification JEL : D12, E26, H26.