A Combined Ricardian and Heckscher-Ohlin Model of Comparative Advantage

The Heckscher-Ohlin theory and the Ricardian theory of international commerce traditionally have been treated as separate conceptual frameworks, but a growing body of empirical work is relying on both simultaneously and calls for an integrated theory. This paper combines the Heckscher-Ohlin model and Ricardian model into a single unified framework and offers supporting evidence for both Heckscher-Ohlin effects and Ricardian effects in OECD specialization patterns.