A conceptual framework for understanding global and transnational public goods for health

The paper presents two taxonomies for classifying global and transnational health-promoting activities according to three parameters of publicness — non-rivalry of benefits, non-excludability of non-payers and the aggregation technologies. Based on these taxonomies and their implications for efficiency and equity, this paper identifies the need for international cooperation in some, but certainly not all, areas concerning the provision of such health-promoting activities. Additionally, institutional responses are evaluated in light of the various health-promoting activities. The roles of multilaterals, non-governmental organisations, foundations and nations are addressed. A host of current global health issues — for example, public-private partnerships, international orphan drug legislature and patent protection — are addressed.