Are Cities Ready for Electric Mobility? A Kpi-Based Comparison Across Europe

Electric vehicles (EVs) represent a promising way to increase the environmental sustainability of cities by reducing CO 2 emissions and air pollution produced by urban transportation systems and decreasing the dependency on fossil fuels. However, inadequate access to EV charging infrastructure may represent an obstacle to the uptake of EVs and their penetration into the mass market.In Europe, cities differ from many points of view and the level of diffusion of EVs is not homogeneous. Identifying common characteristics can help replicate best practices.This paper provides a methodology to select, calculate and analyze a set of KPIs with the aim of defining reference model cities and then measuring the level of preparedness of a city respect with respect to electric mobility, with a main focus on the charging infrastructure. Eighty European cities were compared on the basis of the following categories: Civil and Social, Transport, EV charging infrastructure, EV charging infrastructure, EV charging services economics, Smart charge/ICT system, and EV Environmental impact. The clustering approach generated five reference cities/clusters, representing all 80 cities analyzed.A sensitivity analysis was also performed by assessing thirty scenarios, with the goal of testing the robustness of the proposed KPI framework