Assessment of Biochar Adsorbents for Removal of Compounds Used in Insensitive Munitions from Manufacturing Facility Wastewater
Activated carbon adsorption is commonly used to treat explosive wastewater from munitions manufacture facilities. However, new Insensitive High Explosive formulations including 2,4-dinitroanisole (DNAN) and 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO) are becoming more widely used. These materials are far more mobile in water and are present in much higher concentrations in wastewater than previously used energetic materials. Larger volumes of activated carbon are therefore needed to treat wastewater, resulting in a greater financial and environmental cost for doing so. The aim of this study was to assess the suitability of wheat straw and rice husk biochars for removing RDX, DNAN and NTO from solution in water. Surface modification using 30% (w/w) zinc chloride and potassium hydroxide was also evaluated. Equilibrium tests were conducted to determine their adsorptive capacity and the equilibrium data was fitted to Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherms to determine the adsorption process. The untreated rice husk biochar displayed the greatest adsorption of both NTO at 37% and DNAN 8% of initial concentration. Both acid and base modification decreased the adsorption efficiency of the biochars to between 5 and 0.7%. Therefore, untreated rice husk biochar may be a viable alternative to commercial carbons, particularly at low volumes of wastewater, or as a pre-treatment step for the removal of NTO prior to polishing with a commercial activated carbon
Year of publication: |
[2022]
|
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Authors: | Gilroy-Hirst, William ; Dodds, Connor ; Gutierrez-Carazo, Encina ; Persico, Federica ; Ladyman, Melissa ; Temple, Tracey ; Coulon, Frederic |
Publisher: |
[S.l.] : SSRN |
Subject: | Industrie | Manufacturing industries |
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