Brazil’s Response to the Judicialized WTO Regime : Strengthening the State through Diffusing Expertise

During the 1990s, Latin American countries changed their trade and development policies, although to varying degrees, from the “import substitution industrialization” policies of the 1960s and 1970s to more “export-oriented,” trade-liberalizing alternatives. These transformations occurred at a time when liberalized international trade relations were further institutionalized at the international level through the creation of the World Trade Organization (WTO) and its judicialized system for dispute settlement in 1995