Building Landmarks, Smoothing Out Markets : An Enhanced Competition Framework in Romania

Front Cover -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Executive Summary -- Abbreviations -- Chapter 1 Context -- Introduction -- Notes -- Chapter 2 Legal and Regulatory Framework Governing Market Competition -- Introduction -- The Romanian Competition Law -- The State Aid Law -- The Unfair Competition Law -- Sector-Specific Legal Framework Governing Competition: The Railways Legislation Package -- Telecommunications: Broadband Infrastructure -- Electronic Communications -- Competitive Processes Associated with Public Procurement -- Notes -- Chapter 3 Operational Framework -- Introduction -- Rules, Structure, Staffing, and Strategy -- Governance and Board Operations -- Information Technology Environment -- Notes -- Chapter 4 Enforcing Competition Law -- Preventing Anticompetitive Mergers -- Fighting Exclusionary Business Practices -- Ensuring Access to File and Confidentiality -- Fostering Deterrence: Fines, Leniency, and Cease and Desist -- Minimizing Competition Distortions Associated with Granting State Aid -- Capacity Building for Staff and Board Members -- Notes -- Chapter 5 Creating a Competition Culture -- Introduction -- Challenges -- Collaboration with Regulators -- Notes -- Appendix A RAS Experts -- Appendix B RAS Deliverables -- Bibliography -- Boxes -- ES.1 Application of RAS Results -- 1.1 Restrictiveness of Product Market Regulations in Romania -- 3.1 Basic IT Principles -- 4.1 Proposed Step-by-step Methodology to Calculate Fines -- 4.2 Snapshot of Selected Capacity Building Workshops -- 5.1 Snapshot of Competition Advocacy Events -- Figures -- B1.1.1 Product Market Regulation: Romania Compared with EU Countries -- B1.1.2 PMR for State Control of Economic Activity, EU Countries -- B1.1.3 PMR for Government Involvement in Infrastructure, EU Countries -- B1.1.4 PMR for Barriers to Trade and Investment, EU Countries.