Capital Is Not Enough : Opportunity Entrepreneurship and Formal Institutions

We examine how economic institutions, measured by the Economic Freedom of the World (EFW) index, affect the relationship between capital — human, social, and financial — and opportunity-motivated entrepreneurship (OME). To do this, we develop a multi-level model that connects theories of human and social capital at the micro-level to institutional theories at the macro-level. Using data from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM), we then test the predictions of our model and find evidence that economic institutions play a crucial role in the relationship between these three distinct types of capital and OME. Our results are somewhat counter-intuitive — as the quality of the institutional environment improves, human and financial capital become less important determinants of entrepreneurship while the relationship between social capital and entrepreneurship substantially strengthens