Cene u prvoj polovini devedesetih (Prices in FR Yugoslavia during the First Half of Nineties)

Serbian abstract: U radu se razmatraju politika i kretanje cena u SR Jugoslaviji tokom prve polovine 1990-ih godina. Najpre su prikazane osnovne karakteristike sistema cena, koje u biti nisu menjane tokom celog posmatranog perioda. Zatim se analiziraju politika i kretanje cena, pri čemu je ceo razmatrani period podeljen na tri manja perioda (1990–1991; 1992–1993; 1994–1995). Periodizacija je sačinjena na osnovu uvažavanja unutrašnjih faktora i karakteristika privrednih kretanja, kao i eksternih faktora (raspad federacije, ratovi u bivšim jugoslovenskim republikama i sankcije međunarodne zajednice). Prvi potperiod karakteriše smirivanje hiperinflacije s kraja 1989, na osnovu uspešnog starta programa reformi premijera Markovića, da bi od sredine 1990. reforme praktično bile blokirane preuzimanjem saveznih ingerencija od strane republika. To je pripremilo uslove za izdvajanje republika iz zajedničke države i za zaoštravanje privrednih poremećaja, a u okviru toga rastućih stopa inflacije. Uz sadejstvo eksternih faktora i pojačano administriranje u oblasti cena u drugom potperiodu eskalirala je hiperinflacija, jedna od najvećih i najdugotrajnijih u celoj ekonomskoj istoriji. Treći potperiod otvoren je sprovođenjem Programa monetarne rekonstrukcije i ekonomskog oporavka Jugoslavije, kojim je uz ostalo suzbijena inflacija a zatim održavane umerene stope rasta cena.English abstract: The paper considers the prices policy and the price dynamics in FR Yugoslavia during the first half of nineties. At first there are demonstrated the main characteristics of price system, that were not significantly changed during the whole observed period. Than the price policy and price dynamics were analyzed, where the whole considered period in three sub-periods was divided (1990–1991; 1992–1993; 1994–1995). Periodization was made on the basis of internal factors and characteristics of economic activities, as well as the external factors (dissolution of the federation, wars in former Yugoslav republics and sanctions of the international community). In the first sub-period the hyperinflation form the end of 1989 was stopped as a result of successful implementation of the reform program of prime-minister Marković, although from the mid of 1990 the reforms were blocked by the taking of federal mandates from the republics. All these prepared the circumstances for the separation of the republics from common state and the aggravation of economic conditions, among them the growing rates of inflation. With the impact of external factors and stronger administering in the price area in the second sub-period the hyperinflation escalated, one of the biggest and most long-lived in the economic history. The third sub-period was opened with the implementation of the Program of the monetary reconstruction and economic recovery of FR Yugoslavia, which among other things suppressed inflation, and then kept moderate rates of price growth