Ceremonial science: The state of Russian economics seen through the lens of the work of ‘Doctor of Science’ candidates

The paper investigates the current status of economic research in Russia using a previously unexplored dataset of Russian ‘Doctor of Science’ (Dr.Sc.) theses. The Dr.Sc. degree is a postdoctoral qualification necessary for career advancement at most Russian universities. By examining the Dr.Sc. theses, we are able to provide a systematic overview of ‘average’ scientific standards in Russia, particularly at mass universities, at which most administrators and bureaucrats are trained. We show that the level of integration into the international scientific community in Russian economics remains low. Moreover, we obtain a picture of mostly ‘ceremonial’ science. The researchers combine references to ‘classical’ research, formal methods, and practical application merely as an instrument for presenting the argument in a more ‘scientific’ way.