Competition, competitiveness, and enterprise policies

In this chapter our aim is to examine the effects on cohesion of European Union competition and conlpetitiveness policies. More specifically, attention will be paid to three sets of measures: the rules of competition policy (Articles 85-94 of the EU Treaty); industrial competitiveness policies (Articles 3 and 130); and enterprise policies (Article 130). What these measures share is a concern to create a competitive environment and increase the competitiveness of European enterprises. To evaluate them, it is necessary to define competitiveness and explore its relation to cohesion.