Counterfeit Deterrent Features for the Next-Generation Currency Design

COUNTERFEIT DETERRENT FEATURES FOR THE NEXT-GENERATION CURRENCY DESIGN -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- PREFACE -- Contents -- EXECUTIVE SUMMARY -- PROBLEM DEFINITIONS -- MAJOR FINDINGS -- FEATURE-ASSESSMENT CONSIDERATIONS -- CONCLUSIONS -- RECOMMENDATIONS -- REFERENCES -- 1 INTRODUCTION -- REFERENCES -- 2 U.S. BANKNOTE COUNTERFEITING THREATS -- COUNTERFEITING TRENDS -- ASSESSMENT OF THE TECHNICAL THREAT -- Equipment -- General Technical Trends -- Unit Placements and Selling Prices -- Summary of the Technical Threat -- TYPES OF COUNTERFEITERS AND REQUIRED GENERAL DETERRENTS -- Class I: Opportunistic Counterfeiters -- Class II: Petty Counterfeiters -- Class III: Professional Counterfeiters -- The Principal Threat -- REFERENCES -- 3 ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY FORCOUNTERFEIT-DETERRENCE FEATURES -- REQUIREMENTS -- THE "PERFECT" VISIBLE FEATURE -- TIME FRAME FOR POTENTIAL INCORPORATION -- EVALUATION STRATEGY -- EVALUATION FRAMEWORK -- REFERENCES -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- 4 DESCRIPTION AND ASSESSMENT OF DETERRENT FEATURES -- CURRENTLY USED OVERT U.S. COUNTERFEIT-DETERRENCE FEATURES -- Paper -- Red and Blue Fibers -- Intaglio Printing and Fine-Line Engraving -- Serial Numbers -- Security Thread -- Microprinting -- Color -- Overall Assessment of Existing Visible Features -- INNOVATIVE VISIBLE COUNTERFEIT-DETERRENCE FEATURES -- Substrate-Based Features -- Laminated Substrates -- Plastic Substrates -- Enhanced Security Thread -- Watermarks -- Tinted Substrates -- Paper Furnish Additives -- Enhanced Fibers -- Planchettes -- Microtaggants™ and Microcapsules -- Radar Reflectance -- Color -- Some Fundamentals -- Uses of Color in Banknotes -- Other Aspects of Color in Banknotes -- Inks for Printed Features -- Color-shifting Inks -- Metameric, Photochromic, and Photoluminescent Inks -- Transparent or Absorbing Infrared Inks -- Design-Based Security Features.