Croissance, distribution et pauvreté : un modèle de microsimulation en équilibre général appliqué à Madagascar

This paper presents a microsimulation model in a General Equilibrium framework applied to Madagascar. The model is primarily focused on labor markets and labor allocation at the household level, and consumption behavior is also modeled. At the aggregate level, it allows for the endogenous determination of relative prices between sectors. The model represents the behavior of a sample of 4,500 representative households in an economy with 3 sectors (agricultural, informal, and formal) and 4 goods (food crop, cash crop, informal good, and formal good). It takes explicitly into account heterogeneity in human capital endowments, as well as preferences in terms of consumption at the microeconomic level. Modeling choices were driven by a desire to construct a model that makes the best possible use of microeconomic information derived from household data. The results confirm the usefulness of this class of models, which permit the computation of poverty and inequality measures without resorting to the representative agent assumption.