Cryptocurrencies: applicationsand investment opportunities

Purpose - This study investigates the role of cryptocurrencies in enhancing the performance of portfoliosconstructed from traditional asset classes. Using a long sample period covering not only the large valueincreases but also the dramatic declines during the beginning of 2018, the purpose of this paper is to provide amore complete analysis of the dynamic nature of cryptocurrencies as individual investment opportunities, and as components of optimal portfolios. Design/methodology/approach - The mean-variance optimization technique of Merton (1990) is applied to develop the risk and return characteristics of the efficient portfolios, along with the optimal weights of the asset class components in the portfolios. Findings - The authors provide evidence that as a single investment, the best cryptocurrency is Ripple,followed by Bitcoin and Litecoin. Furthermore, cryptocurrencies have a useful role in the optimal portfolio construction and in investments, in addition to their original purposes for which they were created. Bitcoin is the best cryptocurrency enhancing the characteristics of the optimal portfolio. Ripple and Litecoin follow interms of their usefulness in an optimal portfolio as single cryptocurrencies. Including all these cryptocurrencies in a portfolio generates the best (most optimal) results. Contributions of the cryptocurrencies to the optimal portfolio evolve over time. Therefore, the results and conclusions of this study have noguarantee for continuation in an exact manner in the future. However, the increasing popularity and theunique characteristics of cryptocurrencies will assist their future presence in investment portfolios. Originality/value - This is one of the first studies that examine the role of popular cryptocurrencies in enhancing a portfolio composed of traditional asset classes. The sample period is the largest that has been used in this strand of the literature, and allows to compare optimal portfolios in early/recent subsamples, and during the pre-/post-cryptocurrency crisis periods.