Désajustements de change, fédéralisme budgétaire et redistribution. Comment s'ajuster en union monétaire

The euro zone crisis illustrates the insufficiency of adjustment mechanisms in a monetaryunion characterized by a large heterogeneity. Firstly, the paper gives an evaluationof exchange rate misalignments inside the euro zone, using a FEER approach(Jeong et ali., 2010). Usingpanel econometric techniques over the period 1994-2010, we confirm that the exchange ratemisalignments in the euro zone have diverged, reflecting unsustainable evolutions. Secondly, we use a ?stock-flow consistent? modelof a monetary union with two countries along the lines of Godley and Lavoie (2007) and Duwicquet and Mazier (2010). A federal budget is introduced with federal expenditures andsocial transfers financed by federal taxes and euro-bonds issuing. The stabilizing role of such a federal budget is confirmed facing asymmetric shock or thenegative impact of exchange rate misalignments inside the monetary union. Similarly, the stabilizingrole of euro-bonds used to finance European investment projects is illustrated. JEL Classification: F31, F32, F41, F37, E12.