Distribution Laws in the Context of Reproduction (Objective Conditions for the Formation of Economic Motives)

The idea of building an objectivist theory of value, or, as V.V. Leontiev called it, the naturalistic theory of value was born simultaneously with the emergence of science. All social and economic utopias are connected with its embodiment. In modern times, this idea formed the basis for the idea of transforming economic theory into an empirical discipline similar to the natural sciences. Nowadays, supporters of this idea are increasingly positioning it as an alternative to the subjectivist approach prevailing in economics. However, despite all the statements, to present in the context of this idea a conceptual system adequate in its explanatory power to the generally accepted theory so far failed. The reason for this, in our opinion, is rooted in the stereotypes of thinking that have developed in economic practice over many centuries. Therefore, today this task is in many respects not only of practical, but also of purely intellectual interest, as one of the fundamental unsolved problems of modern science. Is it possible to think differently than the one that was founded by Y. Thünen, G. Gossen and O. Cournot? In this article, we set out a system of principles that makes it possible to determine the state of the economy as a physical system without using abstract concepts of labor and utility exclusively in terms of the costs of matter, space and time