The new Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) while allowing for real time data collection, distribution and processing, contribute to the establishment of new working environments, where the increasing automation of different tasks, ultimately become a determining factor in the development and implementation of highly flexible and dynamic production systems in terms of its adaptability to unstable and unpredictable environments. These structures have a high degree of systemic complexity, as opposed to traditional production systems, based on a deterministic logic of mass production that only require, in its modelling, the exact determination, evaluation and integration of their main parameters and variables. This flexible structures, may evolve from structurally complex systems to behavioury complex ones, showing a transition capability to evolve through different stages of evolution, as is often the case in multi-product multi-process production systems, whre many of phases and / or operations along with thousands of components, make it impossible to assess in a consistent manner at a certaim m moment, its dynamic at moment m+1. New paradigm is thus a paradigm of complexification, from strategic management and operational structure to the productive process, revealing decision-making equally as a complex process at different levels, where the learning component assumes an increasingly decisive role. In this essay, I discuss the decision-making process, proposing a reflection on the problem of automation and the resulting cognitive legitimacy of questioning the nature of the operational “Human Error” in complex environments.
