Espoirs et dangers du « régime industriel et commercial » de l'humanité selon Léon Walras

In this study, we examine how Léon Walras considered the economic evolution towards the most advanced stage of the history of mankind, the so-called ?industrial and commercial regime?. This enables us to present his ideas concerning the ?modern industry? and also to examine the way in which he conceived the industrial revolution, the role of mechanization and the relationship between science and industry. The first part presents the Walrasian theory of the various stages of evolution of the mankind. The second part deals with the characteristics of the ?industrial and commercial regime? and the future prospects considered by Léon Walras. JEL Codes : B12