Ewolucja czy rewolucja? Imigracja z Ukrainy do aglomeracji warszawskiej z perspektywy lat 2015-2019

The report demonstrates results of the survey on Ukrainian migrants in Warsaw agglomeration from 2019 against outcomes of the respective study conducted in 2015 and observations from earlier studies on other Polish cities: Bydgoszcz (2018), Lublin (2016), and Wroclaw (2018). It covers socio-demographic characteristics of migrants, their legal status, migration patterns and plans, situation on the labour market and practices related to savings and financial transfers. Its main conclusions demonstrate a still present specificity of Warsaw as the destination area in Poland, but refer also to gradual changes with regard to individual characteristics and behaviours of Ukrainian migrants on the Mazovian labour market in 2015-2019. These changes relate to decrease in feminisation and "rejuvenalisation" of Ukrainian migration - both in terms of migrants' age and migration experience - and also to growing role of migration from urban areas especially of Central Ukraine. Moreover, some growth in permanency of Ukrainian migration to Warsaw agglomeration can be observed: numbers of migrants' visits decrease, their mean duration prolongs, and the share of single migrants falls. As in other studied Polish cities, migrants, more often than in the past, leave Ukraine in search for better incomes and not due to lack of jobs. Although employment on the blue-collar positions, being below migrants' skills, still prevails, the selection of sectors in which Ukrainian migrants find jobs in Warsaw has been definitely diversifying. It can be also argued that financial situation of Ukrainian migrants in Mazovian region has been improving. However, growth in migrants' incomes and saving does not involve substantial changes in their remitting behaviours.