Family Resources and Parenting Quality: Links to Children's Cognitive Development Across the First 3 Years.

This article examines family resources, parenting quality, and child cognitive performance using Structural Equation Modeling in an ethnically diverse, low-income sample of 2,089 children and families. The authors note that family resources and parenting quality uniquely contribute to children's cognitive performance at 14, 24, and 36 months. Parenting quality mediates effects of family resources on children's performance at all ages. Similarly, children's early cognitive performance relates to later parenting quality, with mothers displaying more warmth and encouraging more cognitive stimulation in response to their children’s developmental achievements.