Flying off course : airline economics and marketing

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- List of figures -- List of tables -- Acknowledgements -- List of abbreviations -- Introduction -- 1. Characteristics and trends in the airline operations -- 1.1 The nature of the airline product -- 1.2 Airline business models -- 1.3 A high-growth industry -- 1.4 Declining fares and yields -- 1.5 The paradox - marginal profitability -- 1.6 Three drivers of airline profitability -- 1.7 Rapid technological change -- 1.8 Impact of technological innovation on costs -- 1.9 A passenger and freight business -- 2. International regulation - bilateralism or 'open skies' -- 2.1 Two regulatory regimes -- 2.2 Non-economic technical and safety regulations -- 2.3 The growth of economic regulation -- 2.4 Bilateral air service agreements -- 2.5 Inter-airline pooling agreements -- 2.6 Limited regulation of non-scheduled air services -- 2.7 The role of IATA -- 2.8 The impact of bilateralism -- 2.9 Towards open markets 1978-91 -- 2.10 'Open skies' - launched 1992 -- 2.11 The European Common Aviation Area -- 2.12 The nationality rule re-defined -- 2.13 'Open skies' on the North Atlantic -- 2.14 Liberalisation spreads -- 2.15 Brexit and aviation -- 2.16 The significance of the regulatory environment -- 3. Understanding the structure of airline costs -- 3.1 The need for costing -- 3.2 The traditional approach to airline costs -- 3.3 Direct operating costs -- 3.4 Indirect operating costs -- 3.5 Trends in airline costs -- 3.6 The concept of escapability -- 3.7 Allocation of costs for operating decisions -- 4. Determinants of airline costs -- 4.1 Management control of costs -- 4.2 The influence of demand on costs -- 4.3 Externally determined input costs -- 4.4 Commission payments for sales and distribution -- 4.5 The cost of labour -- 4.6 Aircraft type and its characteristics