From the Firm to the Market : The Vertical Disintegration of Land Transport in Spain

The sub-contracting of land transport is the governmental structure most used by Spanish transport firms. This model is the result of a vertical disintegration process that entails selling vehicles and reassigning tasks within or outside the business. Institutional reforms that regulate transport service provision, and fiscal, contractual and social regulations affecting the advantages and disadvantages of service provision, have had different effects on businesses. Vertical disintegration generates exit costs that affect the organizational model's rhythm, strategy and results