Gender, ethnicity, and constrained mobility: insights into the resultant social exclusion

I posit that a comprehensive picture of transport-related social exclusion can be drawn only by a simultaneous examination of place-based, people-based, and infrastructure and system-based exclusionary mechanisms. The overlap of these three factors has been examined here through the case study of non-Western immigrant women in Norway. It is known that immobility serves the aim of segregating roles and household responsibilities in different sociocultural domains. But what happens when these roles are operated in a society with a varying outlook? For example, how are the immigrant women of non-Western cultures dealing with constrained mobility in a modern society like Norway? Is it leading to their social exclusion? Following a combination of quantitative and qualitative research methods, this paper furthers the discussion on constrained mobility as a constitutive factor of social exclusion.