Genetic Algorithms and Artificial Life

Genetic algorithms are computational models of evolution that play a central role in many artificial life models. We review the history and current scope of research on genetic algorithms in artificial life, using illustrative examples in which the genetic algorithms is used to study how learning and evolution interact, and to model ecosystems, immune system, cognitive systems, and social systems. We also ouline a number of open questions and future directions for genetic algorithms in artificial life research.