Globalization or regionalization? : An observation of current PTO activities

'Globalization' has become a well-rehearsed word among public telecommunications operators (PTOs) since the end of the 1980s. Although an increasing number of PTOs offer enhanced services to customers of global corporate network systems, PTOs are still constrained by geographical factors. As a result a number of alliances are being formulated to supplement weaknesses in geographical coverage. Such alliances, however, may eventually lead to monopoly (or oligopoly) in a region and cartel over the world. New rules that ensure competition in international markets are needed.