Government Expenditures and Revenues in Jordan, What Cause What? Multivariate Cointegration Analysis

The hypotheses of tax-and-spend, spend-and-tax, and fiscal synchronization were tested using annual time series data for Jordan over the period 1969-2002. We include GDP as a control variable into the model. The results from Granger causality test and impulse response function and variance decomposition analysis based on the corresponding multivariate error-correction models suggest feedback effect between government revenues and government expenditures, supporting the fiscal synchronization hypothesis for Jordan