<UL> <LI>Countries vary in the way they use marks, but they all tend to reward the mastery of skills and attitudes that promote learning. </LI> <LI>Teachers tend to give girls and socio-economically advantaged students better school marks, even if they don’t have better performance and attitudes than boys and socio-economically disadvantaged students.</LI> <LI>It seems that marks not only measure students’ progress in school, they also indicate the skills, behaviours, habits and attitudes that are valued in school. </LI></UL>