Human Capital, Trade and Development in India, China, Japan and other Asian Countries, 1960-2002: Econometric Models and Causality Tests.

This articles emphasizes the important role of human capital, manufacturing and imports to increase real income per inhabitant and non-agrarian employment. Some researchers specialized in economic growth analyse the export-led growth in many countries and insist upon the importance of openness to increase real Gdp. Often this type of beneficial effects seem very clear but it does not always happen that way. The important question in our view is not only to increase the degree of openness due in order to increase foreign demand but also to relate foreign trade with supply side having into account the general positive effects of imports on the domestic growth of industry, building and services. International cooperation is also recommended in order to help Asian developing countries to reach sustained development at high rates for real income per inhabitant.