Integration in Dutch planning of motorways: From “line” towards “area-oriented” approaches

In Dutch motorway planning we can observe a gradual transformation from traditional line-oriented planning towards what are known as area-oriented approaches. Area-oriented planning – apparent in various gradations from landscaping, context-sensitive design, area-oriented approaches to integrated area-development – is expected to better incorporate the complex array of needs, demands and opportunities of the area surrounding newly planned road infrastructure. The integration of infrastructure and other spatial policy sectors such as housing, business, water, nature and recreation is expected to lead to better, more sustainable road infrastructure development. This paper explores the shift from line-oriented planning towards area-oriented planning. We conducted a historical analysis of policy developments in Dutch road infrastructure planning and have conceptualized area-oriented approaches in road infrastructure planning. Furthermore, the developments observed in the Netherlands are placed in an international perspective, through an overview of developments and practices in several Western countries.