International and European Monetary Law : An Introduction

Preface -- Contents -- 1 Interdisciplinary Introduction to Money and Currencies -- 1.1 History of Money -- 1.1.1 What Is Money? -- 1.1.2 Historical Development of Money -- 1.2 Monetary Policy Basics -- 1.2.1 Two-Tier Mixed Monetary System -- 1.2.2 Monetary Aggregates -- 1.2.3 Monetary Policy and Policy Instruments -- 1.2.4 Currencies -- 1.2.5 Monetary Policy and Fiscal Policy -- 1.3 Money and the Law -- References -- 2 Monetary Sovereignty and History of International Monetary Law -- 2.1 Monetary Sovereignty under Public International Law -- 2.1.1 The General Principle of Sovereignty -- 2.1.1.1 Content of the Principle -- 2.1.1.2 Historical and Theoretical Development of the Principle -- 2.1.2 Monetary Sovereignty -- 2.1.2.1 Content -- 2.1.2.2 Erosion of the Principle -- 2.2 History of International Monetary Law -- 2.2.1 Gold Standard -- 2.2.2 The Creation of the Bank for International Settlements (BIS) -- 2.2.3 The Establishment of the IMF -- 2.2.4 The IMF's Development -- 2.2.4.1 The Collapse of the Par Value System -- 2.2.4.2 Second Amendment to the IMF Articles of Agreement -- 2.2.4.3 Further Amendments -- References -- 3 Fundamental Legal Problems of International Monetary Relations -- 3.1 Lack of a Universal Currency -- 3.2 Convertibility -- 3.3 Exchange-Rate Systems -- 3.4 Free Movement of Capital -- 3.5 International Liquidity -- 3.6 The Trilemma of Monetary Policy -- References -- 4 The International Monetary Constitution: The IMF Articles of Agreement-Institutional Design and Decision-Making -- 4.1 Institutional Design -- 4.1.1 The IMF within the International Setting -- 4.1.2 The Legal Framework of the IMF -- 4.1.3 Institutional Design -- 4.2 Decision-Making Procedures/Processes -- References -- 5 The International Monetary Constitution: The IMF Articles of Agreement-Substantive Legal Obligations -- 5.1 Convertibility